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Etiqueta: dig linux

  • Explorando registros DNS con 10 comandos útiles de “dig” en Linux

    Explorando registros DNS con 10 comandos útiles de “dig” en Linux

    El comando “dig” (Domain Information Groper) es una herramienta poderosa para explorar y diagnosticar información DNS. Descubramos 10 comandos útiles de “dig” para potenciar tu comprensión del sistema de nombres de dominio.

    1. Consulta de Registro A (IPv4):

    dig <dominio> A

    Busca la dirección IPv4 asociada al dominio “<dominio>”.

    Ejemplo:

    dig google.com A
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> google.com A
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 30741
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		46	IN	A	142.250.79.78

;; Query time: 13 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:02:29 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 55

    2. Consulta de Registro AAAA (IPv6):

    dig <dominio> AAAA

    Recupera la dirección IPv6 asociada al dominio “<dominio>”.

    Ejemplo:

    dig google.com AAAA
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> google.com AAAA
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29749
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	AAAA

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		274	IN	AAAA	2800:3f0:4002:811::200e

;; Query time: 13 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:05:16 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 67

    3. Consulta de Registro MX (Mail Exchange):

    dig <dominio> MX

    Obtiene la información sobre los servidores de intercambio de correo asociados al dominio “<dominio>”.

    dig google.com MX
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> google.com MX
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 36299
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		300	IN	MX	10 smtp.google.com.

;; Query time: 34 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:07:28 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 60

    4. Consulta de Registro CNAME (Alias de Nombre Canónico):

    dig <dominio> CNAME

    Busca el alias de nombre canónico asociado a “dominio”.

    dig www.google.com CNAME
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> www.google.com CNAME
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33810
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.com.			IN	CNAME

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
google.com.		60	IN	SOA	ns1.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 599114401 900 900 1800 60

;; Query time: 35 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:09:39 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 93

    5. Consulta de Registro TXT (Texto):

    dig <dominio> TXT

    Recupera la información de texto asociada al dominio “<dominio>”.

    dig google.com TXT
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> google.com TXT
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 61450
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 12, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"MS=E4A68B9AB2BB9670BCE15412F62916164C0B20BB"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"facebook-domain-verification=22rm551cu4k0ab0bxsw536tlds4h95"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"docusign=1b0a6754-49b1-4db5-8540-d2c12664b289"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"atlassian-domain-verification=5YjTmWmjI92ewqkx2oXmBaD60Td9zWon9r6eakvHX6B77zzkFQto8PQ9QsKnbf4I"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"google-site-verification=wD8N7i1JTNTkezJ49swvWW48f8_9xveREV4oB-0Hf5o"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"apple-domain-verification=30afIBcvSuDV2PLX"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"docusign=05958488-4752-4ef2-95eb-aa7ba8a3bd0e"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"onetrust-domain-verification=de01ed21f2fa4d8781cbc3ffb89cf4ef"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"google-site-verification=TV9-DBe4R80X4v0M4U_bd_J9cpOJM0nikft0jAgjmsQ"
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"globalsign-smime-dv=CDYX+XFHUw2wml6/Gb8+59BsH31KzUr6c1l2BPvqKX8="
google.com.		3600	IN	TXT	"webexdomainverification.8YX6G=6e6922db-e3e6-4a36-904e-a805c28087fa"

;; Query time: 36 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:11:16 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 885

    6. Consulta de Registro SOA (Start of Authority):

    dig <dominio> SOA

    Obtiene la información de autoridad del dominio “<dominio>”.

    dig google.com SOA
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> google.com SOA
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10516
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	SOA

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		60	IN	SOA	ns1.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 599114401 900 900 1800 60

;; Query time: 13 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:13:53 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 89

    7. Búsqueda inversa de DNS:

    dig -x <IP>

    Obtiene el registro DNS correspondiente a la dirección IP <IP>.

    dig -x 8.8.8.8
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> -x 8.8.8.8
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37780
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;8.8.8.8.in-addr.arpa.		IN	PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
8.8.8.8.in-addr.arpa.	86400	IN	PTR	dns.google.

;; Query time: 309 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:18:02 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 73

    8. Consultar un Servidor DNS Específico

    dig @<servidor_dns> <dominio>

    Obtiene el registro consultado desde el servidor DNS <servidor_dns>

    dig @8.8.8.8 google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> @8.8.8.8 google.com
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62038
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		47	IN	A	142.251.133.238

;; Query time: 11 msec
;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:24:55 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 55

    9. Consulta de Registro NS (Name Server):

    dig <dominio> NS

    Recupera información sobre los servidores de nombres autoritativos para el dominio “<dominio>”.

    dig google.com NS
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> google.com NS
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19713
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.			IN	NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.		23835	IN	NS	ns2.google.com.
google.com.		23835	IN	NS	ns1.google.com.
google.com.		23835	IN	NS	ns4.google.com.
google.com.		23835	IN	NS	ns3.google.com.

;; Query time: 1129 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jan 19 00:27:28 -03 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 111

    10. Consulta registro DNS con salida resumida

    dig +short <dominio>

    Obtiene el registro DNS con salida resumida.

    dig +short google.com
142.251.134.46
    dig +short google.com NS
ns2.google.com.
ns1.google.com.
ns4.google.com.
ns3.google.com

    ¡Estos 10 comandos “dig” te permitirán explorar y comprender mejor el mundo del Sistema de Nombres de Dominio (DNS) en Linux!